{"id":555,"date":"2026-02-27T14:09:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T12:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/example.test\/?page_id=555"},"modified":"2026-03-25T11:06:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:06:52","slug":"glp-1-vs-gip-vs-glucagon-receptors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/glp-1-vs-gip-vs-glucagon-receptors\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1 vs GIP vs \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1 vs GIP vs \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1, GIP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7 G (GPCR) \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GLP-1 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c3\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 GLP-1\/GIP (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 GLP-1\/GIP\/\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7., \u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf <a href=\"\/el\/glp-1-metabolic-research-guide\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"529\">\u039f\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 GLP-1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 GLP-1 (GLP1R)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPCR \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392 (\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0392-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GLP-1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7 Gs, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 cAMP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391 (PKA), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (Drucker, 2018\u00b7 Nauck &amp; Meier, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd PI3K\/Akt \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ERK, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/el\/product\/semaglutide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"303\">Semaglutide <\/a>\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GLP-1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 GIP (GIPR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPCR \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0392-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039b\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u039a\u039d\u03a3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf GLP-1R, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf GIPR \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 Gs \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae cAMP. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GIP \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (Campbell &amp; Drucker, 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 GIP \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1\/GIP \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf GLP-1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (Frias et al., 2021; Jastreboff et al., 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/el\/product\/tirzepatide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"309\">\u03a4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 <\/a>\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (GCGR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPCR \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0389\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1 (\u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039b\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 cAMP \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Gs (Habegger et al., 2010). \u0395\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1R \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 GIPR, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/el\/product\/retatrutide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"331\">\u03a1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 <\/a>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd GLP-1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 GIP, \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (Jastreboff et al., 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae &amp; \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>GLP-1R<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0393\u0399\u03a0\u03a1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>GCGR<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><\/td><td>GPCR \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392<\/td><td>GPCR \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392<\/td><td>GPCR \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/td><td>\u03a0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 + \u039a\u039d\u03a3<\/td><td>\u03a0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 + \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/td><td>\u0389\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong><\/td><td>cAMP\/PKA<\/td><td>cAMP + \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/td><td>cAMP + \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03af<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0388\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/td><td>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/td><td>\u0395\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 &amp; \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cAMP, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 &amp; \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf GLP-1) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (GLP-1 + GIP) \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (Frias et al., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 (Jastreboff et al., 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0397 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf Retatrutide \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (Drucker, 2018). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GIP \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u039d\u03a3, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u0396\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 GLP-1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. \u03a3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 GLP-1, GIP \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039d\u03b1\u03b9. \u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 GPCR \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GIP \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GIP \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drucker DJ. \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u0394\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. <em>\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>. 2018.<br>Nauck MA, Meier JJ. \u039f\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2: \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. <em>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03a0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>. 2019.<br>Campbell JE, Drucker DJ. \u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. <em>\u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>. 2013.<br>Habegger KM et al. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. <em>Nature Reviews Endocrinology<\/em>. 2010.<br>Frias JP \u03ba.\u03ac. \u03a4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03a3\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2. <em>\u039d\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u038a\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb \u03bf\u03c6 \u039c\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd<\/em>. 2021.<br>Jastreboff AM \u03ba.\u03ac. \u03a4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. <em>\u039d\u0395\u03a4\u0396\u039c<\/em>. 2022.<br>Jastreboff AM et al. \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u039f\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03a1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. <em>\u039d\u0395\u03a4\u0396\u039c<\/em>. 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>10. \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"\/el\/product\/semaglutide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"309\">Semaglutide <\/a>(\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03b1 GLP-1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"\/el\/product\/tirzepatide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"309\">\u03a4\u03b9\u03c1\u03b6\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 <\/a>(\u0394\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 GLP-1\/GIP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"\/el\/product\/retatrutide-10-mg\/\" data-type=\"product\" data-id=\"331\">\u03a1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 <\/a>(\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 GLP-1\/GIP\/\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"\/el\/category\/metabolic-research-peptides\/\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GLP-1 vs GIP vs glucagon receptors Structural architecture &amp; downstream signaling differences in metabolic research GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors belong to the class B G protein\u2013coupled receptor (GPCR) family and play central roles in metabolic signaling. Although structurally related, these receptors differ significantly in tissue distribution, intracellular signaling bias, and physiological function. Understanding receptor-level [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-555","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=555"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":613,"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/555\/revisions\/613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/life-peptide.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}